Cinematography

A cinematographer or DOP makes the decisions pertaining to lighting and camera options when filming for cinema. They will choose a frame rate, type of camera, filters, different lens' and postition the camera and framing for the every scene. They also have to organise and supervise the lighting and camera crews to achieve a look and feel that fits the movie, genre and directors 'vision.
 * Cinematographer by Jacob Manton **

**Role in production process** In pre-production a cinematographer will be hired and immediately start consulting with nessecary crew such as the director to understand what they want in the way of look and feel. They will at this stage choose the cameras they want to use and other equipment needed to make the film. They will also be involved in deciding how long the movie will have to film. A general plan of how to shoot each scene is also created. Production for the cinematographer means being on set every day, organising their crew, making minor adjustments and regularly consulting with the camera operator and director. The cinematographer will supervise each scene and will often have to solve a lot of unexpected problems. Every set used has to be left in better or the same condition that it was in before shooting began. The cinematographer will also supervise the equipment being packed up at the end of the shoot. A cinematographer during Post-pro duction often has to do reshoots. This may involve having to do entire scenes or just minor shoots that the editor and director feel are missing.



Cinematography doesn't have a clear learning path, there are many different ways of becoming qualified. There are specialized film schools which offer specific courses while many universities have general film studies and production courses.These offer to teach elements of cinematography such as: • Equipment procedures • Camera mechanics • Interior and exterior lighting • Pre-production planning• Composition • Optics • Electricity and safety • Exposure • Colour • Collaboration People though can just learn by themselves and through research and experimentation forge there own career; this though is much harder to do as employers want qualifications.
 * Training Requirments **

For a cinematographer the OH&S requirements change from set to set but always have to be dealt with as filming cannot start until they are met. It means making sure that all equipment is secure and poses no threat to any crew such as the camera operators. The cinematographer or director of phography is in charge of a large part of the crew and it is there responsibility to ensure that they are safe.
 * OH&S **

The technology a cinematographer uses is always developing and being improved upon especially cameras. A wide variety is now available that have different effects on how the picture turns out such as frame rate. A cinematographer will choose the one that they think will best fit the film and what is required. The introduction of special effects has made their job more difficult as it involves shooting what isn't there. When the technology was first introduced in films like Jurassic Park and the Abyss it was a long and complicated process but has now become a common aspect of film. 3D has been around for a long time but since Avatar it is common to add it to blockbusters. While 3D has its advantages it limits the range of shots that can be completed.
 * Impact of technology & industry development **



Road to predition (2003) Citizen Cane (1941) Raging Bull (1980) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kill Bill Vol.1 (2001) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">JFK (1991) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">2001:A spacer odyssey (1968)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Notable examples **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Staqnley kubrick (2001:A space odyssey, The shining, A clockwork orange, Lolita) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Gregg Toland (Citizen Cane, Grapes of wrath) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Conrad L. Hall (Road to predition, Cool hand Luke, Butch Cassidy and the sundance kid) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Robert Richardson ( Kill Bill, Platoon, JFK, Shutter island)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Famous Cinematographers **

[] [] [] [] []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">References **

[] [] []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">External links **